PCOS and Recurrent Miscarriage: Understanding the Connection
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) can cause a myriad of symptoms that can impact fertility, including irregular menstrual cycles and unpredictable ovulation. Unfortunately, PCOS can also increase the risk of recurrent miscarriage. Let’s review how PCOS impacts the female reproductive system, how it can cause recurrent miscarriage, and what treatment options are available for PCOS patients trying to grow their families.
PCOS and the Female Reproductive System
In a normal menstrual cycle, the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) work together to grow a follicle (an egg sac of immature eggs), which later releases an egg. LH produces androgens (male sex hormones) that FSH converts to estrogen. The resulting estrogen and LH surge triggers ovulation, which is necessary for conception.
In individuals with PCOS, there’s a hormone imbalance that interferes with this process. When the egg doesn’t release, follicles keep developing and may turn into cysts. Even if ovulation occurs and the egg releases and gets fertilized, it still may not have the capability to develop into a healthy fetus.
Additionally, PCOS can cause irregular periods. Without menstruation, the uterine lining doesn’t shed and renew each month. This leads to a thicker lining that can prevent successful embryo implantation in the first few days of pregnancy, causing early pregnancy loss. While it’s not impossible for individuals with PCOS to conceive naturally, the condition can cause recurrent miscarriage and other issues. Therefore, many PCOS patients seek fertility treatment to help build their families.
Fertility Care for PCOS
There are various fertility treatments available that can help individuals with PCOS successfully conceive, including:
- Ovulation-inducing medications: A fertility specialist can prescribe medications that induce ovulation, helping PCOS patients to conceive.
- Intrauterine insemination {IUI}: IUI is a procedure that involves inserting sperm directly into the uterus. This treatment is beneficial because it gives women better chances of conceiving during ovulation, which is pivotal when ovulation occurs infrequently.
- In vitro fertilization {IVF}: IVF involves collecting eggs, fertilizing them in a lab, and transferring the resulting embryos to the uterus. This treatment oversees all areas of conception and can be extremely beneficial to PCOS patients.
- Surgery: A minor surgical procedure called laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) can destroy the tissue producing excess androgens, restoring ovulation.
Learn More About PCOS, Recurrent Miscarriage, and Treatments
PCOS is a complex condition that can affect individuals differently. Some women may have no problems conceiving, while others may have difficulty conceiving or struggle with recurrent pregnancy loss. In your specific case, it’s important to speak with a fertility specialist, such as those at Washington Fertility Center. Our team can review your condition and develop a fertility treatment plan that best addresses your needs and family-building goals. Contact us today to schedule an appointment.